Syllabary written characters appeared in Southwest Asia about fifty-five hundred years ago. They were originally used for deeds of possession and exchange, and in manuals describing work procedures.

Eventually, with the improvement of paper and printing technology, written characters could be easily transmitted in letters and notices to those who were not able to be spoken to directly.

With the recent emergence of communication and information devices such as telephones, faxes, and the Internet, the main purpose of words is to transmit information, not to establish trust or create relationships.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies　　Jared Diamond　W. W. Norton & Company; 1 edition (March 7, 2017)
「サルから考える人間のコミュニティの未来」　　山極寿一（『ネットコミュニティの設計と力』所収　pp.129～160　　近藤淳也監修　（角川学芸出版、２０１５））

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■The References list of “Evolution of Human Sociality”