Identification theory

The Japanese primatologist Kinji Imanishi once thought that, in the process of acquiring their dominance ranking position, immature Japanese macaques would identify with their mothers and a leader male. He named this concept “identification theory.”* Jun’ichiro Itani also thought that there is a tradition in the way of life and social relationships of primates, such as maternal and paternal societies, that can be explained by identification. He called it “karuchua,” using the Japanese pronunciation of the English word “culture,” to indicate a broader concept than culture in general.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
サルの文化誌』  西田利貞・伊澤紘生・加納隆至編 (平凡社、1991)
今西錦司、1957. 「ニホンザル研究の現状と課題—とくにアイデンティフィケーションの問題についてー」、Primates, 1: 1-29.


*For example, even within a single species of chimpanzee, there are subcultural differences between regional groups, such as feeding habits and tool use. An attempt was made to explain the occurrence of such differences by describing the tradition of group-centric social behavior, assuming a mechanism whereby young individuals identify themselves with adult individuals, and fully acquire the behavior type of the target.


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