With the advent of speaking in words, humans became able to convey things across time and space, and gained the ability view the world and society through metaphor.

In addition, humans increased their ability to think about the causality of phenomena, gaining a greater sense of purpose for the achievement of results. They became able to improve their behavior by thinking retroactively about the past, and strengthened their ability to plan for the future.

Words were linked to music, raising group consciousness. They were assigned meanings and sung for specific purposes. Music was used to praise God, dispel the fear of battle, and increase the motivation to fight. This has come to be frequently utilized by those in positions of authority.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body　　Steven Mithen　 Harvard University Press (October 31, 2007)
『家族進化論』　第6章・第10節　コミュニケーションの変容　　山極寿一　（東京大学出版会、2012）

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■The References list of “Evolution of Human Sociality”