Why did the unique human life cycle evolve?

The stages of childhood and adolescence are unique to humans, as is the very long lifespan after menopause. When, how, and why did these characteristic stages of the life cycle evolve?

Perhaps it was due to our high fecundity and extreme encephalization.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
サルの生涯、ヒトの生涯——人生設計の生物学』  デビッド・S・スプレイグ (京都大学学術出版会、2004)
家族進化論』 第4章・第10節 脳の大きさと生活史の変化  山極寿一 (東京大学出版会、2012)


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The References list of “Evolution of Human Sociality”