Comparisons of Yakushima and Kinkazan macaques revealed both shared characteristics and regional differences in societies of Japanese macaques.

It is common for Japanese macaques to form multi-male and multi female groups, to have a dominance ranking among individuals, and for males to leave the group and females to remain in the group throughout its lifespan. However, many social features, including group size, the relationships between groups, and patterns of male immigration and group fission vary depending on a group’s environment.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
『ニホンザルの自然社会―エコミュージアムとしての屋久島』　高畑由起夫・山極寿一編　（京都大学学術出版会、2000）
「日本の霊長類——ニホンザル研究の歴史と展望」　　山極寿一　（『日本の哺乳類学２．中大型哺乳類･霊長類』所収 pp. 29～49. 　高槻成紀・山極寿一編　（東京大学出版会、2008））
『サルと歩いた屋久島』　　山極寿一　（山と渓谷社、2006）

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