Many people still believe in the illusion that “humanity evolved as an excellent hunter with excellent fighting ability.” This misunderstanding is largely due to the “hunting hypothesis” put forward in the 1950s.* In that hypothesis, it was explained that, approximately two million years ago, “ape men” Australopithecus africanus began hunting with animal bones, which developed into a struggle between one another.
■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
The Hunting Apes: Meat Eating and the Origins of Human Behavior Craig B. Stanford Princeton University Press (February 25, 2001)
A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and Nature Through History Matt Cartmill Harvard University Press; 1st edition (May 1, 1993)
*In developed countries, including Western societies that have experienced two world wars, interest in human aggression has risen not only in the academic world, but also among the general public. A book written by Robert Ardley titled African Genesis: A Personal Investigation into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man, which was based on an article by anthropologist Raymond Dart had great social influence. At that time, for those who witnessed the multiple tragedies of two wars, with their hometowns and places of life becoming battlefields, it was demonstrated that “war is an instinctively unavoidable means of mediation for human beings.” This was a form of resignation to the inevitability of war, which was connected to the pride of being a country that had “succeeded in defending freedom through war.” [Editorial note］
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