Most of the earlier studies on Japanese macaques were initiated in provisioned groups, but the effect of provisioning was gradually uncovered.
Provisioning increases the macaques’ birth rates, which leads to very large groups that are not found in the wild, and it decreases their day range and home range sizes. Aggression between group members also increases due to the high concentration of nutrient-rich foods. Consequently, researchers began to shift towards studying wild groups in order to understand their “true” society.*
■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
『ニホンザルの自然社会―エコミュージアムとしての屋久島』 高畑由起夫・山極寿一編 （京都大学学術出版会、2000）
『サルと歩いた屋久島』 山極寿一 （山と渓谷社、2006）
『野生ニホンザルの研究』 伊沢紘生 （どうぶつ社、2009）
杉山幸丸、渡邊邦夫、栗田博之、中道正之．2013. 「霊長類学の発展に餌付けが果たした役割」霊長類研究．29(2):63-81.
*Early studies showed that macaque groups living in deciduous forests had larger home ranges compared to those inhabiting evergreen forests. Even when their group sizes are similar, behaviors differ depending on their habitats. For that reason, Japanese primatologists launched a research project to compare the society and ecology of Japanese macaques in the deciduous forest zone of Kinkazan island in Miyagi prefecture, and those in the evergreen forest zone of Yakushima island in Kagoshima prefecture.
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