In Virunga where infanticide occurs frequently, more than half of the groups are multi-male groups that include two or more mature males, and males who are not with females often form all-male groups.
On the other hand, in Kahuzi and Moukalaba, which have few or no cases of infanticide, most groups include a single mature male. Males without females live as solitaries, and all-male groups have never been observed.
■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
『ゴリラ 第二版』 第5章 変化する社会 山極寿一(東京大学出版会、2015)
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