At the time, the development and transmission of new behaviors such as potato washing among Japanese macaques was not recognized as culture by Western zoologists. Later, however, various tool-using behaviors by chimpanzees in Africa proved the existence of cultural behaviors in non-human primates.*
■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
In the Shadow of Man Jane Goodall Mariner Books; 50th Anniversary of Gombe edition (April 7, 2010)
『文化の誕生』 杉山幸丸 （京都大学学術出版会、2008）
*Wild chimpanzees use tools such as long slender branches for scooping ants (called “ant fishing”) and stones for breaking nut shells.
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