The vocalization of great apes

Chimpanzees sometimes sing together in a loud chorus. Gorillas emit a melodic voice akin to humming. These sounds are musical, and they are used to communicate and share emotions with other individuals.

At short distances, communication between great apes is often achieved using gestures and facial expressions rather than the voice, and they have a rich array of expressions. The apes often face each other, and seem to communicate emotions through gestures rather than by using their voices.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
In the Shadow of Man  Jane Goodall Mariner Books; 50th Anniversary of Gombe edition (April 7, 2010)
ゴリラとヒトの間』 第5章 独特なコミュニケーション  山極寿一 (講談社現代新書、1993)
家族進化論』 第5章・第10節 コミュニケーション革命―歌う能力  山極寿一 (東京大学出版会、2012)


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