The emergence of chiefdoms

7500 years ago, the strengthening of armed force by expert groups and the concentration of wealth by the ruling class led to societies of thousands people led by chiefs. Characteristics of such societies are lavish tombs and religious temples. This indicates that the chiefs took command of large groups with the help of their dead ancestors and the associated religions.*

This format was then extended to nations. It was exaggerated and utilized as the fundamental mentality that supports the concept of “nation.” The “family” mentality was ultimately extended to the state.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies  Jared Diamond W. W. Norton & Company; 1 edition (March 7, 2017)
家族進化論』 第6章・第9節 戦争の登場と自己犠牲の精神  山極寿一 (東京大学出版会、2012)


*Religion extends the scope of an individual’s actions into the afterlife, and connecting the dead and the living gave great meaning and motivation to the spirit of self-sacrifice. A new concept emerged of serving and dedicating one’s life not to oneself or close relatives, but to a group headed by a chief.


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The References list of “Evolution of Human Sociality”