Environmental and social factors on life history

The living environment also greatly affects the life cycles of primates.

For example, infant mortality is high in environments in which food is scarce and predation is severe. As an adaptation to the high mortality rate, the age at which individuals first give birth is low, and the inter-birth interval is short. Species living in harsh environments will have a higher breeding rate.

In addition, as females with higher ranks have higher growth rates and higher reproductive rates, there is also a significant degree of intra-species variation due to social factors.

■References (Books, papers, Web articles, etc.)
サルの生涯、ヒトの生涯——人生設計の生物学』  デビッド・S・スプレイグ (京都大学学術出版会、2004)


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